A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that has fascinated humans for centuries. Its vibrant colors and ethereal beauty have inspired countless stories, poems, and works of art. But what exactly causes this enchanting display of colors in the sky? To understand the formation of a rainbow, we must delve into the intricate interplay of sunlight, water droplets, and the principles of optics. At its core, a rainbow is a result of the refraction, reflection, and dispersion of light within water droplets suspended in the atmosphere. This process involves several key steps that collectively give rise to the stunning spectrum of colors we observe. First and foremost, sunlight is the primary source of the light that forms a rainbow. When a beam of sunlight encounters a rain shower, the individual raindrops act as miniature prisms. Each droplet refracts, or bends, the incoming light. This bending of light is due to the fact that light travels at different speeds in different mediums, such as a...
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